Notable writers Carol Adams • Jeremy Bentham Jeremy Bentham was an English jurist, philosopher, and legal and social reformer. He became a leading theorist in Anglo-American philosophy of law, and a political radical whose ideas influenced the development of welfarism. He is best known for his advocacy of utilitarianism and animal rights, and the idea of the panopticon Steven Best Steven Best is an American animal rights activist, author, talk-show host, and associate professor of philosophy at the University of Texas at El Paso. He has been described as "one of the leading scholarly voices on animal rights." • Stephen Clark Stephen Richard Lyster Clark is a British philosopher and international authority on animal rights, currently professor of philosophy at the University of Liverpool Gary Francione Gary Lawrence Francione is an American legal scholar. He is the Distinguished Professor of Law and Nicholas deB. Katzenbach Scholar of Law & Philosophy at Rutgers School of Law-Newark • Gill Langley Gillian Rose Langley is a British scientist and writer who specialises in alternatives to animal testing, animal rights and animal protection issues in relation to the use of animals in research. She is the science director of the Dr Hadwen Trust for Humane Research, the UK's leading non-animal medical research charity, a former member of the Mary Midgley Mary Midgley, née Scrutton , is an English moral philosopher. She was a Senior Lecturer in Philosophy at Newcastle University and is known for her work on science, ethics and animal rights. She wrote her first book, Beast And Man: The Roots of Human Nature (1978), when she was in her fifties. It was followed by several others, including Heart and • Tom Regan Tom Regan is an American philosopher who specializes in animal rights theory. He was professor emeritus of philosophy at North Carolina State University, where he taught from 1967 until his retirement in 2001 Bernard Rollin Bernard E. Rollin is an American philosopher who specializes in animal rights and animal consciousness. He is a professor of philosophy, animal sciences, and biomedical sciences at Colorado State University • Richard Ryder Richard Hood Jack Dudley Ryder, known as Richard D. Ryder , is a British psychologist who came to public attention in 1969 when, after having worked in animal research laboratories, he began to speak out against animal testing, and became one of the pioneers of the modern animal liberation movement. He is the author of Victims of Science (1975), Henry Salt • Peter Singer Peter Albert David Singer is an Australian philosopher. He is the Ira W. DeCamp Professor of Bioethics at Princeton University, and laureate professor at the Centre for Applied Philosophy and Public Ethics (CAPPE), University of Melbourne. He specialises in applied ethics, approaching ethical issues from a secular preference utilitarian Steven Wise Steven M. Wise is an American legal scholar who specializes in animal protection issues, primatology, and animal intelligence. He teaches animal rights law at Harvard Law School, Vermont Law School, John Marshall Law School, Lewis & Clark Law School, and Tufts University School of Veterinary Medicine. He is a former president of the Animal • Roger Yates Roger Yates is a lecturer in sociology at University College Dublin and the University of Wales, specializing in animal rights. He is a former executive committee member of the British Union for the Abolition of Vivisection (BUAV), a former Animal Liberation Front (ALF) Northern regional press officer, and co-founder of the Fur Action Group
Notable activists Greg Avery Films, magazines, books • David Barbarash David Barbarash was the North American press officer for the Animal Liberation Front from mid-1999 until late-2002. The ALF press office in the UK is run by Robin Webb. Barbarash also founded the North American Animal Liberation Front Supporters Group in Toronto in the early 1980s Mel Broughton Mel Broughton is a British landscape gardener who has risen to public prominence as one of the UK's most notable animal rights advocates. He was the co-founder in 2004, with Robert Cogswell, of SPEAK, The Voice for the Animals, a campaign to stop animal testing in Britain, which is focused on opposition to a new animal laboratory at Oxford • Rod Coronado Rodney Adam Coronado is a Native American (Pascua Yaqui) eco-anarchist and animal rights activist. He is an advocate and former activist for the Animal Liberation Front (ALF) and a spokesperson for the Earth Liberation Front. He was a crew member of the Sea Shepherd Conservation Society and a member of the editorial collective of the Earth First! Barry Horne Barry Horne was an English animal rights activist. He became known around the world in December 1998, when he engaged in a 68-day hunger strike in an effort to persuade the British government to hold a public inquiry into animal testing, something the Labour Party had said it would do before it came to power in 1997. The hunger strike took place • Ronnie Lee Ronnie Lee is a British animal rights activist. He is known primarily for having founded the Animal Liberation Front (ALF) in 1976. He also founded the magazine Arkangel in 1989 Keith Mann Keith Mann is a British animal rights campaigner and writer, alleged by police to be "at the top of the Animal Liberation Front pyramid." He is the author of From Dusk 'til Dawn: An Insider's View of the Growth of the Animal Liberation Movement • Ingrid Newkirk Ingrid Newkirk is a British-born animal rights activist and president of People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PeTA), the world's largest animal rights organization. She is the author of several books, including Free the Animals (2000) and Making Kind Choices (2005) Heather Nicholson She is best known for having co-founded three pivotal animal rights campaigns in the UK. In 1997, Consort Kennels in Hereford, which bred beagles for animal-testing labs, was closed after a ten-month campaign. In 1999, Save the Hill Grove Cats closed Hill Grove Farm in Oxfordshire, which bred cats for laboratories, after a two-year campaign. In • Jill Phipps Jill Phipps was a British animal rights activist who was crushed to death by a lorry transporting live veal calves to continental Europe Craig Rosebraugh Craig Rosebraugh is a writer and political activist who has been associated with the Earth Liberation Front and the Animal Liberation Front (ALF), and who has served as a spokesman for both groups' press offices • Henry Spira Films, magazines, books Andrew Tyler Andrew Tyler is the director of Animal Aid, the UK's second largest animal rights organization . Tyler has been an animal rights campaigner and journalist for 30 years • Jerry Vlasak Jerry Vlasak is an American trauma surgeon and animal rights activist. He is a press officer for the North American Animal Liberation Press Office, a former director of the Animal Defense League of Los Angeles, and an advisor to SPEAK, the Voice for the Animals Paul Watson Paul Franklin Watson, is a Canadian animal rights and environmental activist. He is the founder and president of the Sea Shepherd Conservation Society, a direct action group devoted to marine conservation • Robin Webb Robin Webb is an English animal rights activist. He is a former member of the ruling council of the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (RSPCA), and former director of Animal Aid. A British court ruled in 2006 that Webb was a "central and pivotal figure" in the Animal Liberation Front (ALF)
Notable groups/campaigns List of animal rights groups Categories: Lists of organizations | Animal rights movement | Political movements Animal Aid Animal Aid, founded in 1977, is a British animal rights organisation. The group campaigns peacefully against all forms of animal abuse and promotes a cruelty-free lifestyle. It also investigates and exposes animal cruelty • ALDF The Animal Legal Defense Fund is an American non-profit law organization that aims to protect the rights and advance the interests of animals through the legal system. It was founded in 1979 by attorneys active in shaping the emerging field of animal law. The ALDF has campaigned for stronger enforcement of anti-animal cruelty laws and more humane • ALF The Animal Liberation Front is an international, underground leaderless resistance that engages in illegal direct action in pursuit of animal liberation. Activists see themselves as a modern-day Underground Railroad, removing animals from laboratories and farms, destroying facilities, arranging safe houses and veterinary care, and operating • BUAV The British Union for the Abolition of Vivisection is a British animal protection group based in London, UK which campaigns for the complete abolition of all animal experiments. BUAV engages in education, research, lobbying, investigations, including undercover work in laboratories, and legal cases that further the cause of the anti-vivisection GAP • Hunt Saboteurs The Hunt Saboteurs Association is a worldwide organization using direct action to stop the hunting of animals. HSA activists use a model of leaderless resistance and have been using the same basic tactics since their inception 37 years ago; the underlying principle being to directly intervene in a day's hunting, historically by delaying or • PETA People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals is an animal rights organization based in Norfolk, Virginia, USA. With two million members and supporters worldwide, it claims the status of the largest animal rights group in the world. Ingrid Newkirk is its international president • PCRM The Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine is a animal rights group based in Washington, D.C., USA, founded in 1985 by physician Neal D. Barnard. It describes itself as an "association of doctors and laypersons" whose stated purposes are to promote preventive medicine and encourage higher standards for ethics and effectiveness in Sea Shepherd The Sea Shepherd Conservation Society is a non-profit environmental organization based in Friday Harbor, Washington in the United States and in Melbourne, Australia for its Southern Hemisphere operations. Established in 1977, Sea Shepherd Conservation Society is an international non-profit, marine wildlife conservation organization. The society • SPEAK SPEAK, the Voice for the Animals is a British animal rights campaign founded in 2003 that aims to end animal experimentation in the UK. It has to date fought against two projects. The first was a proposed non-human primate research facility at the University of Cambridge, which was abandoned in 2004, in part because of the protests. Its current • SHAC Stop Huntingdon Animal Cruelty is an international animal rights campaign to close down Huntingdon Life Sciences (HLS), Europe's largest contract animal-testing laboratory. HLS tests medical and non-medical substances on around 75,000 animals every year, from rats to primates. It has been the subject of five major leaks or undercover
Political parties List of animal advocacy parties Animal Alliance • Animals Count Animal Protection Party The APP stood in four constituencies in the May 2010 British general election, chosen because the sitting MP was viewed by the APP as representing the interests of people or industries that use animals PACMA Party for the Animals The Party for the Animals is a political party in the Netherlands. Among its main goals are animal rights and animal welfare, though it claims not to be a single-issue party. The party does consider itself to be a testimonial party, which does not seek to gain political power, but only to testify to its beliefs Tierschutzpartei
Books and magazines AR books • AR magazines Animal Liberation Animal Liberation is a book by Australian philosopher Peter Singer, published in 1975. The book is widely considered within the animal liberation movement to be the founding philosophical statement of its ideas. Singer himself rejected the use of the theoretical framework of rights when it comes to human and nonhuman animals: he argued that the Arkangel Arkangel is a British-based bi-annual animal liberation magazine, first published in the winter of 1989. The magazine, which is sold internationally, covers global aspects of underground and overground animal rights campaigning, and promotes a vegan lifestyle • Bite Back Bite Back is a Malaysia-registered website and magazine that promotes the cause of the animal liberation movement, and specifically the Animal Liberation Front . According to The Sunday Times, the name is inspired by an arson campaign targeting the American fur industry throughout the 1990s No Compromise No Compromise was a San Francisco-based bi-annual animal rights magazine, first published in the winter of 1989. The magazine covered global aspects of animal rights and promoted a vegan lifestyle, which included the use of cruelty-free products
Films Animal rights films Behind the Mask Behind the Mask: The Story Of The People Who Risk Everything To Save Animals is a 2006 documentary film about the Animal Liberation Front . It took three years of filming, interviewing, and editing to complete. The movie was created by animal-rights lawyer Shannon Keith, who owns Uncaged Films and ARME (Animal Rescue, Media & Education). The • Earthlings Earthlings is a 2005 multi-award-winning documentary about speciesism; written, produced, and directed by Shaun Monson. The film was narrated by Hollywood actor and animal rights activist Joaquin Phoenix. Earthlings also features a score by musician and activist Moby The Animals Film The Animals Film presents a survey of the exploitation of animals in modern societies, including the uses of animals in factory farming, as pets, for entertainment, in scientific and military research, hunting, etc. The film also profiles the international animal rights movement. The film incorporates secret government footage, cartoons, newsreels Peaceable Kingdom • Unnecessary Fuss Unnecessary Fuss is a film produced by Ingrid Newkirk and Alex Pacheco of People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals , showing footage shot inside the University of Pennsylvania's Head Injury Clinic in Philadelphia
Related categories ALF • Animal testing Animal testing refers to vivisection or any procedure conducted on animals for the purpose of physiological, pathological, or psychological investigation. For more information, see Animal testing Animal law • Animal rights AR movement • Blood sports Livestock • Meat Poultry
Related templates
This box:
The Great Ape Project (GAP), founded in 1993, is an international organization of primatologists, psychologists, ethicists, and other experts who advocate a United Nations Declaration of the Rights of Great Apes that would confer basic legal rights on non-human great apes: chimpanzees, bonobos, gorillas, and orangutans. The rights suggested are the right to life, the protection of individual liberty, and the prohibition of torture.
The organization also monitors individual great ape activity in the United States through a census program. Once rights are established, GAP would demand the release of great apes from captivity; currently 3,100 are held in the U.S., including 1,280 in biomedical research.
Contents |
Great Ape Project (book)
The book of the same name, edited by philosophers Paola Cavalieri and Peter Singer, features contributions from thirty-four authors, including Jane Goodall and Richard Dawkins, who have submitted articles voicing their support for the project. The authors write that human beings are intelligent animals with a varied social, emotional, and cognitive life. If great apes also display such attributes, the authors argue, they deserve the same consideration humans extend to members of their own species.
The book highlights findings that support the capacity of great apes to possess rationality and self-consciousness, and the ability to be aware of themselves as distinct entities with a past and future. Documented conversations (in sign languages) with individual great apes are the basis for these findings. Other subjects addressed within the book include the division placed between humans and great apes, great apes as persons, progress in gaining rights for the severely mentally retarded (once an overlooked minority), and the situation of great apes in the world today.
From a biological point of view, Dr. Pedro A. Ynterian, a GAP Project Board Member wrote in a GAP press release "Between the two of us we could even have a 0.5% difference in our DNA. The difference between a Chimpanzee and us is only 1.23%. Human blood and Chimpanzee blood, with compatible blood groups, can be exchanged through transfusion. Neither our nor the chimps blood can be exchanged with any other species. We are closer genetically to a chimp than a mouse is to a rat."[1]
Their biological similarity with humans is also key to the traits for which they are valuable as research subjects. For example, testing of monoclonal antibody treatments can not be done in species less similar to humans than chimpanzees. Because the antibodies do not elicit immune responses in chimpanzees, they persist in the blood as they do in humans, and their effects can be evaluated. In monkeys and other non-apes, the antibodies are rapidly cleared from the bloodstream. Monoclonal antibody treatments are being developed for cancer; autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus erythematosis, multiple sclerosis, psoriasis, and Crohn's disease; and asthma. Chimpanzees also contain unique advantages in evaluating new Hepatitis B and C vaccines, and treatments for malaria, again because of the similarity in their response to these antigens to humans.[2]
Opposition
Professor Colin Blakemore, head of the Medical Research Council in Great Britain from 2003-2007, is opposed to granting rights to non-human apes, stating "I can see no current necessity for the use of great apes, and I'm pleased that they're not being used and that every effort is being made to reduce the use of other primates. But I worry about the principle of where the moral boundaries lie. There is only one very secure definition that can be made, and that is between our species and others." Blakemore suggests that it would be necessary to perform research on great apes if humans were threatened by a pandemic virus that afflicted only humans and other great apes. [3]
Declaration on Great Apes
The Great Ape Project is campaigning to have the United Nations endorse a Declaration on Great Apes.[4] This would extend what the project calls the "community of equals" to chimpanzees, gorillas and orangutans.
The declaration seeks to extend to non-human great apes the protection of three basic interests: the right to life, the protection of individual liberty, and the prohibition of torture.
Right to life
The declaration states that members of the community of equals, which includes humans, may not be killed except in certain strictly defined circumstances such as self-defense or abortion.
Protection of individual liberty
The declaration states that members of the community of equals are not to be deprived of their liberty, and are entitled to immediate release where there has been no form of due process. Under the proposed declaration, the detention of great apes who have not been convicted of any crime or who are not criminally liable should be permitted only where it can be shown that the detention is in their own interests or is necessary to protect the public. The declaration says there must be a right of appeal, either directly or through an advocate, to a judicial tribunal.
Prohibition of torture
The declaration prohibits the torture, defined as the deliberate infliction of severe pain, on any great ape, whether wantonly or because of a perceived benefit to others. Under International Human Rights Law this is a jus cogens principle and under all major human rights documents it can not at any time be derogated by any State.
References
- The Great Ape Project. Accessed May 22, 2006.
- The Great Ape Project: Equality beyond humanity. 1993. Editors, Peter Singer and P. Cavalieri., Fourth Estate publishing, London, England. Pp. 312.
- Peter Singer. 1993. Practical Ethics. 2nd ed. Cambridge University Press, New York, U.S.A. Pp.395.
- Peter Singer. 2002. Animal Liberation. HarperCollins, New York, U.S.A. Pp.324.
Citations
- ^ [1] Great Ape Project Press Page
- ^ A unique biomedical resource at risk. Nature 437, 30-32 (1 September 2005) | doi:10.1038/437030a;
- ^ [2] Scientists 'should be allowed to test on apes' Independent, The (London), Jun 3, 2006 by Steve Connor, Science Editor
- ^ Declaration on Great Apes, Great Ape Project
See also
| Wikinews has related news: Spanish Socialist Workers' Party proposes human rights bill for great apes |
- Great Ape personhood
- International primate trade
- Nafovanny
- Non-human primate experiments
- Great Ape Trust
- Animal rights
External links
|
|||||||||||||
Categories: Animal rights movement
Personal tools
- New features
- Log in / create account
Namespaces
- Article
- Discussion
Variants
Views
- Read
- Edit
- View history
Actions
Navigation
- Main page
- Contents
- Featured content
- Current events
- Random article
Interaction
- About Wikipedia
- Community portal
- Recent changes
- Contact Wikipedia
- Donate to Wikipedia
- Help
Toolbox
- What links here
- Related changes
- Upload file
- Special pages
- Permanent link
- Cite this page
Print/export
- Create a book
- Download as PDF
- Printable version
Languages
- العربية
- Català
- Dansk
- Deutsch
- Eesti
- Español
- Euskara
- Français
- Italiano
- مصرى
- Nederlands
- Português
- Svenska